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geoid undulation
Definição1
The distance of the geoid above (positive) or below (negative) the mathematical reference ellipsoid. NOTE: In respect to the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS-84) defined ellipsoid, the difference between the WGS-84 ellipsoidal height and orthometric height is the WGS-84 geoid undulation.
Fonte1
EUROCONTROL. Eurocontrol ATM lexicon. Brussels, 2011. Disponível em: http://www.eurocontrol.int/aim/public/standard_page/lexicon.html. Acesso em: 21 mar. 2011.
Fonte2
INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION. Annex 14 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation. Aerodromes. Volume II: heliports. 4th ed. Montreal, 2013.
Fonte3
INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION. Annex 14 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation: aerodromes: volume 1: aerodrome design and operation. 8th ed. Montreal, 2018. (Annex 14).
Nota adicional1
Acronym in English: GUND.
Nota adicional2
In respect to the World Geodetic System — 1984 (WGS-84) defined ellipsoid, the difference between the WGS-84 ellipsoidal height and orthometric height represents WGS-84 geoid undulation.
Contexto
Geoid undulation must be measured in accordance with the appropriate system of coordinates.
Related Term
geodetic datum
geoid
Spanish
ondulación geoidal
Imagem

 The geoid undulation three-dimensional representation of the Earth's surface.

The geoid undulation three-dimensional representation of the Earth's surface.

Fonte: http://hu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A1jl:Geoids_sm.jpg&filetimestamp=20080403142037