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orographic turbulence
- Definição1
- Orographic turbulence is initiated by large-scale displacement of airflow by hills, mountains and islands. In general, upward displacement and consequent gravitational forcing lead to the development of mountain waves, downslope winds and rotors.
- Fonte1
- HAZARDOUS weather phenomena: turbulence. In: AUSTRALIA. Bureau of Meteorology. Climate glossary. [Australia, 2021]. Disponível em: http://www.bom.gov.au/aviation/data/education/turbulence.pdf. Acesso em: 27 jul. 202.
- Fonte2
- HALL, R. J.; CAMPBELL, R. D. Dictionary of aviation. Oxford: BSP, c1991. vi, 346 p.
- Fonte3
- WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION. Extranet: Aviation. Hazards. Turbulence and Wind Shear. Disponível em: < https://community.wmo.int/activity-areas/aviation/hazards/turbulence>. Acesso em: 27 jul. 2022.
- Nota adicional1
- Orographic refers to something of, pertaining to, or caused by mountains as in orographic clouds, orographic lift or orographic precipitation.
- Nota adicional2
- If surface roughness increases and characteristic roughness heights increase as well, e.g. over cities, forests, small hills and larger hills, and mountains, the airflow suffers large corresponding displacements from its original level. Dependent upon the stability of the air mass, this may result in triggering convection, with its attendant turbulence; it also may generate gravity waves, referred to in that case as mountain waves, or may tend to return the airflow to its original level giving ‘standing waves’ and rotors.
- Contexto
- Orographic turbulence may be found as updraughts on the upwind side of slopes and ridges and on the downwind side as downdraughts. The extent of the turbulence on the downwind side depends on the wind speed and the steepness of the slope. Orographic turbulence will be more intense when climbing a rough surface.
- Subárea
- Aeronautical Meteorology
- Related Term
- orographic
- Spanish
- turbulencia orográfica
- Imagem
Turbulência orográfica.
Source: BRASIL. Comando da Aeronáutica. Escola de Especialistas de Aeronáutica. Meteorologia geral: módulo único. Apostila da disciplina Meteorologia Geral, da Especialidade BMT. Guaratinguetá, SP, 2005..